How to Become a Pediatrician: Step-by-Step Guide

Hannah Muniz
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Updated on April 2, 2024
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Want to learn how to become a pediatrician? Explore the eight crucial steps to take and get resources for aspiring doctors.

Portions of the following article were drafted using an in-house natural language generation platform. The article was then reviewed, fact-checked, and edited by multiple members of our editorial team prior to publishing.


Pediatricians are doctors who work specifically with children, including infants, adolescents, and young adults. With an estimated 33,000 pediatricians practicing in the U.S., these medical doctors shoulder an array of responsibilities, from routine health checks and immunizations to addressing developmental concerns and treating illnesses.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ll go over how long it takes to become a pediatrician, the education and skills you’ll need to succeed in the role, and how much money you can expect to make.

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How to Become a Pediatrician: 8 Steps

Becoming a pediatrician involves eight key steps, each contributing to your development as a healthcare professional. From earning a bachelor’s degree to gaining hands-on experience and navigating medical school, each stage equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to excel in this field.

Step 1: Earn a Bachelor’s Degree

Your journey to becoming a pediatrician starts with earning a bachelor’s degree.

While many colleges don’t have a pre-med degree, it’s best to major in a science- or healthcare-related field, such as biology, chemistry, physics, or healthcare administration. Science classes are especially important, since these tend to be prerequisites for med school admission.

In addition, taking courses in childhood development or child psychology can provide a solid foundation for a career as a pediatrician.

Step 2: Gain Healthcare Experience

You’ll need to gain some hands-on experience in healthcare while you’re in college. This could be a part-time job at a hospital or volunteer work with children. Direct experience helps you better understand your passions while enhancing your future application for med school.

Many medical schools recommend a minimum of 100 hours of volunteer or paid healthcare experience before applying. Look for internships at local hospitals, clinics, and doctor offices. The summer term is a popular time to gain work experience since you won’t have to balance classes with a job.

Step 3: Take the MCAT

In your final year of college — or whenever you’re ready to start the process of applying to med school — you’ll take the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). This exam is a vital step toward becoming a pediatrician, and it’s required for admission to all medical schools in the U.S.

A standardized, multiple-choice exam, the MCAT evaluates your problem-solving abilities, critical thinking skills, and understanding of natural, behavioral, and social sciences.

The test is known for being particularly challenging. A perfect MCAT score is 528, with over 80% of test-takers earning a 512 or higher in 2022-2023. Top medical schools tend to boast average MCAT scores in the 510-528 range.

Step 4: Attend Medical School

After getting your bachelor’s degree and taking the MCAT, the next step is to attend an accredited med school. Here, you’ll delve deeper into the study of medicine and eventually earn a doctor of medicine (MD) or doctor of osteopathic medicine (DO) degree.

The first two years of med school typically involve lectures and labs. The final two years allow you to practice hands-on patient care through clinical rotations.

As a med student, you’ll get to study and experience various medical fields, including pediatrics. By the end of med school, you should have a well-rounded understanding of medicine and a clearer idea of what you’d like your specialty to be.

Step 5: Get Licensed

Once you graduate from med school, you’ll need a medical license to practice. Typically, this process involves passing one of two standardized national exams:

Remember, each state has its own licensing requirements, so it’s important to familiarize yourself with the regulations in the state where you plan to practice. Contact your state’s medical board to learn more about medical licensing requirements.

Step 6: Complete a Residency

After earning your medical degree and getting licensed, it’s time to complete a pediatric residency. Basic pediatric residency is an intensive program that lasts a minimum of three years — students earning a subspecialty of pediatric medicine may take more time.

You’ll gain hands-on experience under the supervision of experienced medical professionals. Your daily activities might include team briefings, patient rounds, performing procedures, attending lectures, and learning from seasoned doctors.

The residency period is crucial in shaping your skills and knowledge as a pediatrician and preparing you for the challenges of the job.

Step 7: Begin a Fellowship Program

If you want to specialize in a certain area of pediatric medicine, consider starting a fellowship program after you finish your residency. Fellowships provide in-depth training in a pediatric subspecialty and usually last 1-3 years.

The fellowship program you choose should align with your career goals and allow you to gain more experience in your chosen subspecialty. Completing a fellowship program not only equips you with specialized knowledge but also sets you apart in the competitive field of pediatric medicine.

Step 8: Get Board Certified

Finally, after years of hard work and dedication, you’re ready to become board-certified. This process involves passing the pediatric board certification exam from a reputable certifying board like the American Board of Pediatrics.

While board certification isn’t mandatory to practice as a pediatrician, having this certification can open up more job opportunities and signifies your expertise in the field.

Types of Pediatricians

While many pediatricians practice general pediatrics, others specialize in specific pediatric subspecialties. The choice of a subspecialty will depend on your interests, your career goals, and the specific health needs of the children you wish to work with.

Below are some of the most common pediatric subspecialties:

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    Neonatology

    This subspecialty focuses on the care of newborn infants, particularly those who are ill or born prematurely. Neonatologists work in neonatal intensive care units, or NICUs, and deal with health conditions such as congenital anomalies, infections, and breathing disorders.
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    Pediatric Cardiology

    Pediatric cardiologists diagnose and treat various heart conditions in children. They help manage congenital heart disease, arrhythmias, and other heart-related conditions in young patients.
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    Pediatric Hematology/Oncology

    Professionals in this subspecialty diagnose and treat children with cancer and blood disorders, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and sickle cell anemia.
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    Pediatric Surgery

    Pediatric surgeons perform many kinds of surgical procedures on children, from minor operations to complex surgeries. They are trained to operate on various parts of the body, addressing conditions like hernias, appendicitis, and congenital abnormalities.
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    Pediatric Emergency Medicine

    These pediatricians provide immediate medical attention to children with acute illnesses or injuries. They work in emergency departments and are skilled in handling a variety of urgent conditions.
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    Pediatric Infectious Diseases

    Pediatric infectious disease specialists diagnose and manage infections in children. They are knowledgeable about a wide array of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
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    Pediatric Pulmonology

    This subspecialty deals with lung and respiratory conditions in children. Pediatric pulmonologists manage conditions like asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic cough.
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    Adolescent Medicine

    Specialists in this field focus on the unique health needs of teenagers. They deal with issues related to puberty, mental health, substance use, and reproductive health.
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    Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics

    These pediatricians specialize in the behavioral and developmental aspects of children. They diagnose and treat conditions like autism, learning disorders, and ADHD.

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Cost to Become a Pediatrician

The cost of becoming a pediatrician is generally high when you take into account both undergraduate studies and med school.

On average, you can expect to spend $9,600-$34,000 in tuition and fees each year for your bachelor’s degree, according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Factors that can affect this cost include whether you qualify for in-state tuition and whether you receive any scholarships or federal aid.

Medical school is normally very expensive. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, med students graduated with an average debt of $207,000 in 2020.

Don’t forget to factor in additional costs such as living expenses, textbooks, and exam fees, all of which can increase the amount you spend on your education.

Pediatrician Salary

As a pediatrician, your earnings will vary based on factors such as subspecialty, location, and years of experience.

On average, pediatricians in the U.S. earned a median salary of $190,350 in 2022, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

This figure can vary greatly depending on the state you practice in. For example, pediatricians in Ohio earned an average of around $239,000 in 2022, while those in New York earned just under $192,000.

Additionally, with bonuses and incentives, you could earn thousands of dollars more than your base salary.

Resources for Pediatricians

Pediatricians can rely on a wealth of resources and professional organizations to support their career growth and professional development. These groups provide opportunities for networking, continuing education, research collaboration, and advocacy.

Here are some of the most notable:

Federation of Pediatric Organizations

FOPO brings together leaders from different pediatric associations, fostering collaboration and shared learning across various pediatric subspecialties.

American Academy of Pediatrics

A comprehensive membership organization for pediatric professionals, AAP offers a ton of resources, including advocacy, education, and research. Those with board certification are designated as fellows.

Academic Pediatric Association

APA focuses on fostering faculty development in pediatrics, providing resources and opportunities for educators in the field.

American Pediatric Society

APS is dedicated to advancing child health through research and advocacy. The organization provides a platform for pediatricians to contribute to the broader pediatric community.

Society for Pediatric Research

SPR encourages research collaborations aimed at enhancing children’s health. The group offers resources for pediatricians interested in research, making it easier to stay updated on the latest developments in the field.

Council of Pediatric Subspecialties

This council promotes communication and collaboration within various pediatric subspecialties. It’s a valuable resource for pediatricians looking to engage with professionals in their specific area of focus.

Frequently Asked Questions About Becoming a Pediatrician

For aspiring pediatricians, it’s best to choose a major that meets medical school prerequisites. Biology and other sciences are common choices, with some programs specifically tailored toward pre-med students.

Ensure your major includes extensive coursework in science, math, and communication, as these are requirements for admission into med school.

Note: The insights on this page were reviewed by an independent third party compensated for their time by BestColleges. Page last reviewed March 18, 2024.

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